Welcome to GeoLab’s "Adjustment Theory" Class


This class provides a good grounding in least squares adjustment theory and related statistical analyses for use in surveying. 
 
Before you proceed with this course, please review the information on the course information page.

Lesson 1 - Introduction

Please begin by reading textbook chapters 1 to 4 (Introduction, Observations and Their Analysis, Random Error Theory, and Confidence Intervals). 

Also, please study and use the following documents as a guide:


Note: The "STATS" program referenced in some assigned problems can be installed using the "Stats setup.exe" program from your "LSA Course Resources/Resources" folder.

Problem Solving Assignment:

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 1: 1.1, 1.2, 1.7, 1.10, 1.11, 1.18, 1.20, 1.22

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 2: 2.2, 2.3, 2.12, 2.15

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 3: 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.13, 3.19

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 4: 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.8, 4.23, 4.24 

Lesson 2 - Statistical Testing

​Comments  

  • Note: The main reason to build a confidence interval is to see if a statistic from a sample distribution is consistent with the underlying statistical distribution (e.g. the normal distribution). 

  • This can be done with a hypothesis test also. 


Please continue this lesson by studying the following textbook sections: 

  • Appendix A Introduction to Matrices, 

  • 5 - Statistical Testing, 

  • 6 - Propagation of Random Errors, and 

  • 7 Error Propagation in Angle and Distance Observations. 


To help you with that, please use the following documents to guide you through those chapters: 


Please note that you are asked to use a spreadsheet (not MathCad) for any extended calculations in your assignments.
Note that the "MATRIX" program can be installed using the "Matrix setup.exe" program from your "TheoryCourseResources" folder. 

Problem Solving Assignment:

  • Answer the following problems from Appendix A: A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4, A.5, A.6

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 5: 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.12, 5.13

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 6: 6.2, 6.3, 6.6, 6.12, 6.19

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 7: 7.1, 7.2, 7.5, 7.17

Lesson 3 - Propagation of Random Errors

​Please study the following sections in your textbook: 

  • Chapter 8: Error Propagation in Traverse Surveys (just read this chapter);

  • Chapter 9: Error Propagation in Elevation Determination; 

  • Chapter 10: Weights of Observations;

  • Chapter 11: Principles of Least Squares;

  • Chapter 12: Adjustment of Level Nets. 

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And use the following corresponding documents as guides: 


Note that some of the files mentioned in the textbook are in your "TheoryCourseResources" folder. 

Problem Solving Assignment:

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 9: 9.6, 9.18

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 10: 10.4, 10.5, 10.7, 10.8, 10.10

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 11: 11.2, 11.4, 11.9, 11.27

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 12: 12.1, 12.12

Lesson 4 - Trilateration

Textbook Reading Assignment:

  • Chapter 13: Precisions of Indirectly Determined Quantities

  • Chapter 14: Adjustment of Horizontal Surveys: Trilateration


Study the following documents:


Problem Solving Assignment: 

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 13: 13.15

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 14: 14.2

Lesson 5 - Horizontal Surveys

Textbook Reading Assignment:

  • Chapter 15: Adjustment of Horizontal Surveys: Triangulation

  • Chapter 16: Adjustment of Horizontal Surveys: Traverses and Horizontal Networks


Study the following documents:


Problem Solving Assignment:

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 15: 15.3

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 16: 16.4

Lesson 6 - GNSS Networks

Textbook Reading Assignment:

  • Chapter 17: Adjustment of GNSS Networks

  • Chapter 18: Coordinate Transformations


Study the following documents:


Problem Solving Assignment:

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 17: 17.1, 17.2, 17.4

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 18: 18.2

Lesson 7 - Error Ellipses

Textbook Reading Assignment:

  • Chapter 19: Error Ellipse

  • Chapter 20: Constraint Equations

  • Chapter 21: Blunder Detection in Horizontal Networks

  • Chapter 23: Three-Dimensional Geodetic Network Adjustment

  • Chapter 24: Combining GPS and Terrestrial Observations


Also please study the following documents:


Problem Solving Assignment:

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 19: 19.5

  • Please read Chapter 20 to learn the concepts behind constraints.

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 21: 21.2

  • Answer the following problems from Chapter 24: 24.3

Congratulations! You have completed the Adjustment Theory Class!